Thousands of wounded servicemen returned to Japan following the escalation of Japanese military aggression in China in July 1937. Tens of thousands would return home after Japan widened its war effort in 1939. In Casualties of History, Lee K. Pennington relates for the first time in English the experiences of Japanese wounded soldiers and disabled veterans of Japan's "long" Second World War (from 1937 to 1945). He maps the terrain of Japanese military medicine and social welfare practices and establishes the similarities and differences that existed between Japanese and Western physical, occupational, and spiritual rehabilitation programs for war-wounded servicemen, notably amputees. To exemplify the experience of these wounded soldiers, Pennington draws on the memoir of a Japanese soldier who describes in gripping detail his medical evacuation from a casualty clearing station on the front lines and his medical convalescence at a military hospital. Moving from the hospital to the home front, Pennington documents the prominent roles adopted by disabled veterans in mobilization campaigns designed to rally popular support for the war effort. Following Japan's defeat in August 1945, U.S. Occupation forces dismantled the social welfare services designed specifically for disabled military personnel, which brought profound consequences for veterans and their dependents. Using a wide array of written and visual historical sources, Pennington tells a tale that until now has been neglected by English-language scholarship on Japanese society. He gives us a uniquely Japanese version of the all-too-familiar story of soldiers who return home to find their lives (and bodies) remade by combat.
"Casualties of History is an innovative study that draws upon hitherto unexplored sources, including a variety of visual materials that are reproduced as color plates in the mid-section of the book, and adds to a richer understanding of Japanese culture during the Asia-Pacific War."
Alexander R. Bay, Medical History
"This is a powerful analysis of an important but neglected subject. I enthusiasticly recommend it to my final-year undergraduate students studying Japan during the Asia-Pacific War and Allied occupation and commend its use of a wide range of Japanese sources, together with its skillful use of personal narratives to bring the subject alive."
Journal of Japanese Studies
"This book is rich in detail and sources, and places the wounded veteran in the greater context of Japanese culture and the militarization (and subsequent demilitarization) of Japanese society... Pennington's work is a valuable addition to the expanding historiography on those survivors of war aptly described as the debris of battle."
