By considering three case study regions in Mexico during the Colonial era, Climate and Society in Colonial Mexico: A Study in Vulnerability examines the complex interrelationship between climate and society and its contemporary implications. • Provides unique insights on climate and society by capitalizing on Mexico's rich colonial archives • Offers a unique approach by combining geographical and historic perspectives in order to comprehend contemporary concerns over climate change • Considers three case study regions in Mexico with very different cultural, economic, and environmental characteristics