The emerging consensus that institutions shape political and economic outcomes has produced few theories of institutional change and no defensible theory of institutional origination. Kiren Aziz Chaudhry shows how state and market institutions are created and transformed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, two countries that typify labor and oil exporters in the developing worlds. In a world where the international economy dramatically affects domestic developments, the question of where institutions come from becomes at once more urgent and more complex. In both Saudi Arabia and Yemen, fundamental state and market institutions forged during a period of isolation at the end of World War I were destroyed and reshaped not once but three times in response to exogenous shocks. Comparing boom-bust cycles, Chaudhry exposes the alternating social and organizational origins of institutions, arguing that both broad changes in the international economy and specific forms of international integration shape institutional outcomes. Labor and oil exporters thus experience identical economic cycles but generate radically different state, market, and financial institutions in response to different resource flows. Chaudhry supplemented years of field work in Saudi Arabia and Yemen with extensive analysis of previously unavailable materials in the Saudi national archives.
"Chaudry is a first-rate political economist who does careful and methodical research.... In her hands, this fascinating subject causes one to rethink theories about social modernization, economic development, and political change."
Perspectives on Political Science
"What is most remarkable about this volume is that it makes a valuable theoretical contribution while also containing such a rich and much needed account of the political economic development of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Yemen Arab Republic.... A rich odyssey through the political and the economic histories of these two countries, well-documented and cogently written."
Middle East Policy
"An interesting and thought-provoking book, well researched and well argued. It fills a vacuum in studies on both the Middle East and political economy and is recommended to all those who are interested in these fields."
