First published in 1934, this translation of Lao Tzu's Tao Tê Ching-unlike previous translations-is based not on the medieval commentaries, but on a close study of the whole of early Chinese literature. The Tao Tê Ching, along with the Zhuangzi, is a fundamental text for both philosophical and religious Taoism, and strongly influenced other schools, such as Legalism, Confucianism, and Chinese Buddhism. Many Chinese artists, including poets, painters, calligraphers, and even gardeners, have used the Tao Tê Ching as a source of inspiration. Its influence has also spread widely outside East Asia, and is among the most translated works in world literature.
