IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory

This book aims to disseminate geometric algebra as a straightforward mathematical tool set for working with and understanding classical electromagnetic theory. It's target readership is anyone who has some knowledge of electromagnetic theory, predominantly ordinary scientists and engineers who use it in the course of their work, or postgraduate students and senior undergraduates who are seeking to broaden their knowledge and increase their understanding of the subject. It is assumed that the reader is not a mathematical specialist and is neither familiar with geometric algebra or its application to electromagnetic theory. The modern approach, geometric algebra, is the mathematical tool set we should all have started out with and once the reader has a grasp of the subject, he or she cannot fail to realize that traditional vector analysis is really awkward and even misleading by comparison. Professors can request a solutions manual by email: pressbooks@ieee.org

A multifaceted approach to understanding, calculating, and managing electromagnetic discontinuities. Presenting new, innovative approaches alongside basic results, this text helps readers better understand, calculate, and manage the discontinuities that occur within the electromagnetic field. Among the electromagnetic discontinuities explored in this volume are: • Bounded jump discontinuities at the interfaces between two media or on the material sheets that model very thin layers • Unbounded values at the edges of wedge-type structures • Unbounded values at the tips of conical structures The text examines all the key issues related to the bodies that carry the interfaces, edges, or tips, whether these bodies are at rest or in motion with respect to an observer. In addition to its clear explanations, the text offers plenty of step-by-step examples to clarify complex theory and calculations. Moreover, readers are encouraged to fine-tune their skills and knowledge by solving the text's problem sets. Three fundamental, classical theories serve as the foundation for this text: distributions, confluence, and the special theory of relativity. The text sets forth the fundamentals of all three of these theories for readers who are not fully familiar with them. Moreover, the author demonstrates how to solve electromagnetic discontinuity problems by seamlessly combining all three theories into a single approach. With this text as their guide, readers can apply a unique philosophy and approach to the investigation and development of structures that have the potential to enhance the capabilities of electronics, antennas, microwaves, acoustics, medicine, and many more application areas.

This book applies the four-dimensional formalism with an extended toolbox of operation rules, allowing readers to define more general classes of electromagnetic media and to analyze EM waves that can exist in them. • End-of-chapter exercises • Formalism allows readers to find novel classes of media • Covers various properties of electromagnetic media in terms of which they can be set in different classes

“The Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) for Solving Large-Scale Computational Electromagnetic Problems” provides a detailed and instructional overview of implementing MLFMA. The book: • Presents a comprehensive treatment of the MLFMA algorithm, including basic linear algebra concepts, recent developments on the parallel computation, and a number of application examples • Covers solutions of electromagnetic problems involving dielectric objects and perfectly-conducting objects • Discusses applications including scattering from airborne targets, scattering from red blood cells, radiation from antennas and arrays, metamaterials etc. • Is written by authors who have more than 25 years experience on the development and implementation of MLFMA The book will be useful for post-graduate students, researchers, and academics, studying in the areas of computational electromagnetics, numerical analysis, and computer science, and who would like to implement and develop rigorous simulation environments based on MLFMA.

Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics Help protect your network with this important reference work on cyber security Deterministic computational models are those for which all inputs are precisely known, whereas stochastic modeling reflects uncertainty or randomness in one or more of the data inputs. Many problems in computational engineering therefore require both deterministic and stochastic modeling to be used in parallel, allowing for different degrees of confidence and incorporating datasets of different kinds. In particular, non-intrusive stochastic methods can be easily combined with widely used deterministic approaches, enabling this more robust form of data analysis to be applied to a range of computational challenges. Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics provides a rare treatment of parallel deterministic–stochastic computational modeling and its beneficial applications. Unlike other works of its kind, which generally treat deterministic and stochastic modeling in isolation from one another, it aims to demonstrate the usefulness of a combined approach and present particular use-cases in which such an approach is clearly required. It offers a non-intrusive stochastic approach which can be incorporated with minimal effort into virtually all existing computational models. Readers will also find: • A range of specific examples demonstrating the efficiency of deterministic–stochastic modeling • Computational examples of successful applications including ground penetrating radars (GPR), radiation from 5G systems, transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation (TMS and TES), and more • Introduction to fundamental principles in field theory to ground the discussion of computational modeling Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling in Computational Electromagnetics is a valuable reference for researchers, including graduate and undergraduate students, in computational electromagnetics, as well as to multidisciplinary researchers, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians.

Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Authoritative reference on the state of the art in the field with additional coverage of important foundational concepts Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning presents cutting-edge research advances in the rapidly growing areas in optical and RF electromagnetic device modeling, simulation, and inverse-design. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the field on subjects ranging from fundamental theoretical principles and new technological developments to state-of-the-art device design, as well as examples encompassing a wide range of related sub-areas. The content of the book covers all-dielectric and metallodielectric optical metasurface deep learning-accelerated inverse-design, deep neural networks for inverse scattering, applications of deep learning for advanced antenna design, and other related topics. To aid in reader comprehension, each chapter contains 10-15 illustrations, including prototype photos, line graphs, and electric field plots. Contributed to by leading research groups in the field, sample topics covered in Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning include: • Optical and photonic design, including generative machine learning for photonic design and inverse design of electromagnetic systems • RF and antenna design, including artificial neural networks for parametric electromagnetic modeling and optimization and analysis of uniform and non-uniform antenna arrays • Inverse scattering, target classification, and other applications, including deep learning for high contrast inverse scattering of electrically large structures Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning is a must-have resource on the topic for university faculty, graduate students, and engineers within the fields of electromagnetics, wireless communications, antenna/RF design, and photonics, as well as researchers at large defense contractors and government laboratories.

Discover state-of-the-art time domain electromagnetic modeling and simulation algorithms. “Advances in Time-Domain Computational Electromagnetic Methods” delivers a thorough exploration of recent developments in time domain computational methods for solving complex electromagnetic problems. The book discusses the main time domain computational electromagnetics techniques, including finite-difference time domain (FDTD), finite-element time domain (FETD), discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD), time domain integral equation (TDIE), and other methods in electromagnetic, multiphysics modeling and simulation, and antenna designs. The book bridges the gap between academic research and real engineering applications by comprehensively surveying the full picture of current state-of-the-art time domain electromagnetic simulation techniques. Among other topics, it offers readers discussions of automatic load balancing schemes for DG-FETD/SETD methods and convolution quadrature time domain integral equation methods for electromagnetic scattering. Advances in Time-Domain Computational Electromagnetic Methods also includes: • Introductions to cylindrical, spherical, and symplectic FDTD, as well as FDTD for metasurfaces with GSTC and FDTD for nonlinear metasurfaces • Explorations of FETD for dispersive and nonlinear media and SETD-DDM for periodic/ quasi-periodic arrays • Discussions of TDIE, including explicit marching-on-in-time solvers for second-kind time domain integral equations, TD-SIE DDM, and convolution quadrature time domain integral equation methods for electromagnetic scattering • Treatments of deep learning, including time domain electromagnetic forward and inverse modeling using a differentiable programming platform Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students studying the design and development of various kinds of communication systems, as well as professionals working in these fields, “Advances in Time-Domain Computational Electromagnetic Methods” is also an invaluable resource for those taking advanced graduate courses in computational electromagnetic methods and simulation techniques.

One of the most methodical treatments of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering-including new applications and ideas. Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves-including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications. Written by a world-renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of “Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications” presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel's equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics: • Statistical wave theories-which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging • Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging • New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects • Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media • Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, “Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering” is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio—medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.

Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications. The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective. With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers: • Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers • Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations • Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications • In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

A comprehensive survey of boundary conditions as applied in antenna and microwave engineering, material physics, optics, and general electromagnetics research. Boundary conditions are essential for determining electromagnetic problems. Working with engineering problems, they provide analytic assistance in mathematical handling of electromagnetic structures, and offer synthetic help for designing new electromagnetic structures. Boundary Conditions in Electromagnetics describes the most-general boundary conditions restricted by linearity and locality, and analyzes basic plane-wave reflection and matching problems associated to a planar boundary in a simple-isotropic medium. This comprehensive text first introduces known special cases of particular familiar forms of boundary conditions - perfect electromagnetic conductor, impedance, and DB boundaries - and then examines various general forms of boundary conditions. Subsequent chapters discuss sesquilinear boundary conditions and practical computations on wave scattering by objects defined by various boundary conditions. The practical applications of less-common boundary conditions, such as for metamaterial and metasurface engineering, are referred to throughout the text. This book: • Describes the mathematical analysis of fields associated to given boundary conditions • Provides examples of how boundary conditions affect the scattering properties of a particle • Contains ample in-chapter exercises and solutions, complete references, and a detailed index • Includes appendices containing electromagnetic formulas, Gibbsian 3D dyadics, and four-dimensional formalism Boundary Conditions in Electromagnetics is an authoritative text for electrical engineers and physicists working in electromagnetics research, graduate or post-graduate students studying electromagnetics, and advanced readers interested in electromagnetic theory.

This unique book presents simple, easy-to-use, but effective short codes as well as virtual tools that can be used by electrical, electronic, communication, and computer engineers in a broad range of electrical engineering problems. Electromagnetic modeling is essential to the design and modeling of antenna, radar, satellite, medical imaging, and other applications. In this book, author Levent Sevgi explains techniques for solving real-time complex physical problems using MATLAB-based short scripts and comprehensive virtual tools. Unique in coverage and tutorial approach, “Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation” covers fundamental analytical and numerical models that are widely used in teaching, research, and engineering designs-including mode and ray summation approaches with the canonical 2D nonpenetrable parallel plate waveguide as well as FDTD, MoM, and SSPE scripts. The book also establishes an intelligent balance among the essentials of EM MODSIM: The Problem (the physics), The Theory and Models (mathematical background and analytical solutions), and The Simulations (code developing plus validation, verification, and calibration). Classroom tested in graduate-level and short courses, Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation: • Clarifies concepts through numerous worked problems and quizzes provided throughout the book • Features valuable MATLAB-based, user-friendly, effective engineering and research virtual design tools • Includes sample scenarios and video clips recorded during characteristic simulations that visually impact learning-available on wiley.com • Provides readers with their first steps in EM MODSIM as well as tools for medium and high-level code developers and users “Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation” thoroughly covers the physics, mathematical background, analytical solutions, and code development of electromagnetic modeling, making it an ideal resource for electrical engineers and researchers.

The first and only comprehensive text on substrate-integrated mmW antenna technology, state-of-the-art antenna design, and emerging wireless applications. “Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems” elaborates the most important topics related to revolutionary millimeter-wave (mmW) technology. Following a clear description of fundamental concepts including substrate-integrated waveguides and loss analysis, the text treats key design methods, prototyping techniques, and experimental setup and testing. The authors also highlight applications of mmW antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through practical discussions of how to set up testing for impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and more. This book will bring readers state-of-the-art designs and recent progress in substrate-integrated mmW antennas for emerging wireless applications. “Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems” is the first comprehensive text on the topic, allowing readers to quickly master mmW technology. This book: • Introduces basic concepts such as metamaterials Huygens's surface, zero-index structures, and pattern synthesis • Describes prototyping in the form of fabrication based on printed-circuit-board, low-temperature-co-fired-ceramic and micromachining • Explores applications for next-generation radar and imaging systems such as 24-GHz and 77-GHz vehicular radar systems • Elaborates design methods including waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis The mmW is one of today's most important emerging technologies. This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers with the knowledge they need to deploy mmW systems and develop new antenna designs with low cost, low loss, and low complexity.

Describes applications of time-domain EM reciprocity and the Cagniard-deHoop technique to achieve solutions to fundamental antenna radiation and scattering problems. This book offers an account of applications of the time-domain electromagnetic (TD EM) reciprocity theorem for solving selected problems of antenna theory. It focuses on the development of both TD numerical schemes and analytical methodologies suitable for analyzing TD EM wave fields associated with fundamental antenna topologies. Time-Domain Electromagnetic Reciprocity in Antenna Modeling begins by applying the reciprocity theorem to formulate a fundamentally new TD integral equation technique—the Cagniard-deHoop method of moments (CdH-MoM)—regarding the pulsed EM scattering and radiation from a thin-wire antenna. Subsequent chapters explore the use of TD EM reciprocity to evaluate the impact of a scatterer and a lumped load on the performance of wire antennas and propose a straightforward methodology for incorporating ohmic loss in the introduced solution methodology. Other topics covered in the book include the pulsed EM field coupling to transmission lines, formulation of the CdH-MoM concerning planar antennas, and more. In addition, the book is supplemented with simple MATLAB code implementations, so that readers can test EM reciprocity by conducting (numerical) experiments. In addition, this text: • Applies the thin-sheet boundary conditions to incorporate dielectric, conductive and plasmonic properties of planar antennas • Provides illustrative numerical examples that validates the described methodologies • Presents analyzed problems at a fundamental level so that readers can fully grasp the underlying principles of solution methodologies • Includes appendices to supplement material in the book “Time-Domain Electromagnetic Reciprocity in Antenna Modeling” is an excellent book for researchers and professors in EM modeling and for applied researchers in the industry.

Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction Discover a graduate-level text for students specializing in electromagnetic wave radiation, scattering, and diffraction for engineering applications In Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction, distinguished authors Drs. Prabhakar H. Pathak and Robert J. Burkholder deliver a thorough exploration of the behavior of electromagnetic fields in radiation, scattering, and guided wave environments. The book tackles its subject from first principles and includes coverage of low and high frequencies. It stresses physical interpretations of the electromagnetic wave phenomena along with their underlying mathematics. The authors emphasize fundamental principles and provide numerous examples to illustrate the concepts contained within. Students with a limited undergraduate electromagnetic background will rapidly and systematically advance their understanding of electromagnetic wave theory until they can complete useful and important graduate-level work on electromagnetic wave problems. Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction also serves as a practical companion for students trying to simulate problems with commercial EM software and trying to better interpret their results. Readers will also benefit from the breadth and depth of topics, such as: • Basic equations governing all electromagnetic (EM) phenomena at macroscopic scales are presented systematically. Stationary and relativistic moving boundary conditions are developed. Waves in planar multilayered isotropic and anisotropic media are analyzed. • EM theorems are introduced and applied to a variety of useful antenna problems. Modal techniques are presented for analyzing guided wave and periodic structures. Potential theory and Green's function methods are developed to treat interior and exterior EM problems. • Asymptotic High Frequency methods are developed for evaluating radiation Integrals to extract ray fields. Edge and surface diffracted ray fields, as well as surface, leaky and lateral wave fields are obtained. A collective ray analysis for finite conformal antenna phased arrays is developed. • EM beams are introduced and provide useful basis functions. Integral equations and their numerical solutions via the method of moments are developed. The fast multipole method is presented. Low frequency breakdown is studied. Characteristic modes are discussed. Perfect for graduate students studying electromagnetic theory, Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction is an invaluable resource for professional electromagnetic engineers and researchers working in this area.

This book covers the study of electromagnetic wave theory and describes how electromagnetic technologies affect our daily lives. “From ER to ET: How Electromagnetic Technologies Are Changing Our Lives” explores electromagnetic wave theory including its founders, scientific underpinnings, ethical issues, and applications through history. Utilizing a format of short essays, this book explains in a balanced, and direct style how electromagnetic technologies are changing the world we live in and the future they may create for us. Quizzes at the end of each chapter provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the material. This book is a valuable resource for microwave engineers of varying levels of experience, and for instructors to motivate their students and add depth to their assignments. In addition, this book: • Presents topics that investigate all aspects of electromagnetic technology throughout history • Explores societal and global issues that relate to the field of electrical engineering (emphasized in current ABET accreditation criteria) • Includes quizzes relevant to every essay and answers which explain technical perspectives Rajeev Bansal, PhD, is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Connecticut. He is a member of IEEE and the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering. He is a Fellow of the Electromagnetics Academy. His editing credits include Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics and Engineering Electromagnetics: Applications. Dr. Bansal contributes regular columns to IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine and IEEE Microwave Magazine.

Presents recent progress in low-profile natural and metamaterial antennas This book presents the full range of low-profile antennas that use novel elements and take advantage of new concepts in antenna implementation, including metamaterials. Typically formed by constructing lattices of simple elements, metamaterials possess electromagnetic properties not found in naturally occurring materials, and show great promise in a number of low-profile antenna implementations. Introductory chapters define various natural and metamaterial-based antennas and provide the fundamentals of writing computer programs based on the method of moments (MoM) and the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTDM). Chapters then discuss low-profile natural antennas classified into base station antennas, mobile card antennas, beam-forming antennas, and satellite-satellite and earth-satellite communications antennas. Final chapters look at various properties of low-profile metamaterial-based antennas, revealing the strengths and limitations of the metamaterial-based straight line antenna (metaline antenna), metamaterial-based loop antenna (metaloop), open metaloop antenna, the effects of counter dual-band CP radiation, and more. • Offers comprehensive coverage of both metamaterials and natural materials for low-profile antennas • Written by an internationally-recognized expert in the field of low-profile antennas • Depicts actual high-performance low-profile antennas for the antenna engineer • Draws on classroom-tested material in graduate courses and short courses over the past 20 years Low-Profile Natural and Metamaterial Antennas is a must-have reference book for advanced undergraduate and graduate level students as well as antenna engineers interested in low-profile antenna design theory.

Understand the theory and function of wireless antennas with this comprehensive guide. As wireless technology continues to develop, understanding of antenna properties and performance will only become more critical. Since antennas can be understood as junctions of waveguides, eigenmode analysis-the foundation of waveguide theory, concerned with the unexcited states of systems and their natural resonant characteristics-promises to be a crucial frontier in the study of antenna theory. “Foundations of Antenna Radiation Theory” incorporates the modal analysis, generic antenna properties and design methods discovered or developed in the last few decades, not being reflected in most antenna books, into a comprehensive introduction to the theory of antennas. This book puts readers into conversation with the latest research and situates students and researchers at the cutting edge of an important field of wireless technology. The book also includes: • Detailed discussions of the solution methods for Maxwell equations and wave equations to provide a theoretical foundation for electromagnetic analysis of antennas • Recent developments for antenna radiation in closed and open space, modal analysis and field expansions, dyadic Green's functions, time-domain theory, state-of-the-art antenna array synthesis methods, wireless power transmission systems, and more • Innovative material derived from the author's own research “Foundations of Antenna Radiation Theory” is ideal for graduate or advanced undergraduate students studying antenna theory, as well as for reference by researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in the areas of wireless technology.

Explore the algorithms and numerical methods used to compute electromagnetic fields in multi-layered media In Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields in Layered Media, two distinguished electrical engineering researchers deliver a detailed and up-to-date overview of the theory and numerical methods used to determine electromagnetic fields in layered media. The book begins with an introduction to Maxwell's equations, the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory, and concepts and definitions relating to Green's function. It then moves on to solve canonical problems in vertical and horizontal dipole radiation, describe Method of Moments schemes, discuss integral equations governing electromagnetic fields, and explains the Michalski-Zheng theory of mixed-potential Green's function representation in multi-layered media. Chapters on the evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals, procedures for far field evaluation, and the theory and application of hierarchical matrices are also included, along with: • A thorough introduction to free-space Green's functions, including the delta-function model for point charge and dipole current • Comprehensive explorations of the traditional form of layered medium Green's function in three dimensions • Practical discussions of electro-quasi-static and magneto-quasi-static fields in layered media, including electrostatic fields in two and three dimensions • In-depth examinations of the rational function fitting method, including direct spectra fitting with VECTFIT algorithms Perfect for scholars and students of electromagnetic analysis in layered media, Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields in Layered Media will also earn a place in the libraries of CAD industry engineers and software developers working in the area of computational electromagnetics.