Changing World

In Iran, you will learn that Iran, formerly known as Persia, is one of the world's oldest civilizations. Since the revolution in 1979, Iran has been governed as an Islamic Republic with an ayatollah, or Shia religious leader, as its supreme ruler. This has led to profound changes and tensions in Iranian society.

In Pakistan, you will learn that Pakistan occupies a very important strategic position on the world map and has been shaped by its relations with its neighbors and other powerful nations. It is a country where extremism competes with moderation in terms of climate, geography, religion, politics, wealth, and poverty.

In Afghanistan, you will learn that Afghanistan is one of the least economically developed countries in the world. The economy is based on agriculture, but much of the land suitable for farming has been damaged by drought, deforestation, and war.

In Iraq, you will learn that Iraq, once called Mesopotamia, is known as the "cradle of civilization," the location of the world's first cities and empires. From 1979, Iraq was ruled by the brutal dictator, Saddam Hussein. In 2003, Hussein's regime was overthrown following an invasion by an American-led coalition. In the chaotic aftermath, the occupying forces struggled to contain a powerful insurgency, despite the establishment of a democratically elected Iraqi government in 2005.

In Russia, you will learn that Russia is the largest country in the world and its natural resources make it one of the richest. It has experienced enormous political, social, and economic upheaval during the last century, and as a result, Russia faces many challenges.

In Israel, you will learn that since its foundation in 1948, Israel has undergone dramatic changes. As a Jewish state it has welcomed Jews from all over the world, leading to an eightfold increase in its population. This has benefited the Israeli economy and given Israel a rich and diverse culture, but has also brought challenges.