Law, Technology and Media

Part I of this work focuses on the ways in which digitization projects can affect fundamental justice principles. It examines claims that technology will improve justice system efficiency and offers a model for evaluating e-justice systems that incorporates a broader range of justice system values. The emphasis is on the complicated relationship between privacy and transparency in making court records and decisions available online. Part II examines the implementation of technologies in the justice system and the challenges it comes with, focusing on four different technologies: online court information systems, e-filing, videoconferencing, and tablets for presentation and review of evidence by jurors. The authors share a measuring enthusiasm for technological advances in the courts, emphasizing that these technologies should be implemented with care to ensure the best possible outcome for access to a fair and effective justice system. Finally, Part III adopts the standpoints of sociology, political theory and legal theory to explore the complex web of values, norms, and practices that support our systems of justice, the reasons for their well-established resistance to change, and the avenues and prospects of eAccess. The chapters in this section provide a unique and valuable framework for thinking with the required sophistication about legal change.

The past few decades have been witness to a number of important developments with respect to the global intellectual property (IP) system, including shifts in focus between multilateralism and bilateralism/regionalism; growing recognition of the various ways in which IP intersects with and impacts areas including human rights, development, trade, and social justice; broad acknowledgement of the economic value of many IP rights; and important theoretical interventions that have challenged the values underlying the global IP system. These developments have occurred alongside several other events, changes, and crises that have altered the landscape of our global communities. Chief among them are climate change; armed conflicts; the COVID-19 pandemic; economic changes to work; technological shifts including those relating to the internet and artificial intelligence, and their role in society; and growing recognition of the inequities that exist within and between societies as well as the ways in which these inequities are reinforced and maintained through systemic discrimination and ongoing colonialism. Given these developments, changes, and crises, what is the future of IP law and policy? Featuring contributions from scholars from across Canada and around the world, this collection offers insights into eighteen possible futures for the global IP system. Collectively, these chapters re-envision international agreements; rethink Canadian IP law; argue for the creation of space for Indigenous legal traditions; highlight the promises and perils of technology as it relates to IP; expose inequities and injustices, and provide possible pathways to correct them. This book offers the reader insight into aspects of eighteen possible futures for elements of the global IP system, crafted by twenty-three authors. These eighteen chapters, collectively, re-envision international agreements; rethink Canadian IP law; argue for the creation of space for Indigenous legal traditions; highlight the possibilities and perils of technology as it relates to IP; expose inequities and injustices, and provide pathways to correct them. They push the boundaries of what IP is, and what it can accomplish. This set of interventions, many of which have been crafted by early career scholars who are themselves the future of IP, provide a compelling set of possibilities for the future of the global IP system; a set of possibilities that if embraced and adopted would help create a more just, inclusive, and compassionate IP system. It is now up to us to do what we can to help realize these possibilities. Bassem Awad (Contributor) Bassem Awad is an Assistant Professor and Director of the Area of Concentration in Intellectual Property, Information and Technology law in the Faculty of Law at the University of Western Ontario. Sara Bannerman (Contributor) Sara Bannerman is Canada Research Chair in Communication Policy and Governance and Professor of Communication Studies at McMaster University. Mauro Barelli (Contributor) Mauro Barelli is Professor of International Law at City St George's University of London. Enrico Bonadio (Contributor) Enrico Bonadio is Professor of Law at City St George's University of London. Andrea Cabello (Contributor) Andrea Cabello is Associate professor at the Department of Economics at the University of Brasilia. Naama Daniel (Contributor) Naama Daniel is Research Fellow, Federmann Cyber Security Research Center – Cyber Law Program at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Deputy Legal Adviser to the Economic Affairs Committee, the Israeli Parliament (on sabbatical). Cheryl Dine (Contributor) Cheryl Dine is a PhD candidate at City St George's University of London. Mistrale Goudreau (Contributor) Mistrale Goudreau is full professor at the Civil Law Section of the University of Ottawa. Gregory Hagen (Contributor) Gregory R. Hagen is Associate Professor of Law at the University

Jane Bailey is Associate Professor at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (Common Law Section), where she teaches cyberfeminism, technoprudence, contracts, and civil procedure courses. Her research is focused on issues at the intersection of law, technology, and equality. Valerie Steeves is Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology at the University of Ottawa. She has spoken and written extensively on young people's use of networked technologies, and is an expert in privacy law. Her research interests include privacy, surveillance, and media stereotyping. This title is available as part of UOP's open access (OA) collection. All UOP OA titles are available as a PDF download free of charge. Acknowledgements Introduction: Cyber-Utopia? Getting Beyond the Binary Notion of Technology as Good or Bad for Girls Jane Bailey and Valerie Steeves Part I: It's Not That Simple: Complicating Girls' Experiences on Social Media • A Perfect Storm: How the Online Environment, Social Norms, and Law Shape Girls' Lives Jane Bailey • Revisiting Cyberfeminism: Theory as a Tool for Understanding Young Women's Experiences Trevor Scott Milford • Thinking Beyond the Internet as a Tool: Girls' Online Spaces as Postfeminist Structures of Surveillance Akane Kanai Part II: Living in a Gendered Gaze • The Internet and Friendship Seeking: Exploring the Role of Online Communication in Young, Recently Immigrated Women's Social Lives Assumpta Ndengeyingoma • "She's Just a Small Town Girl, Living in an Online World": Differences and Similarities between Urban and Rural Girls' Use of and Views about Online Social Networking Jacquelyn Burkell and Madelaine Saginur • "Pretty and Just a Little Bit Sexy, I Guess": Publicity, Privacy, and the Pressure to Perform "Appropriate" Feminity on Social Media Valerie Steeves • Girls and Online Drama: Aggression, Surveillance, or Entertainment? Priscilla M. Regan and Diana L. Sweet • BBM Is Like Match.com: Social Networking and the Digital Mediation of Teens' Sexual Cultures Jessica Ringrose and Laura Harvey Part III: Dealing with Sexualized Violence • Rape Threats and Revenge Porn: Defining Sexual Violence in the Digital Age Jordan Fairbairn • Motion to Dismiss: Bias Crime, Online Communication, and the Sex Lives of Others in NJ v. Ravi Andrea Slane • Defining the Legal Lines: eGirls and Intimate Images Shaheen Shariff and Ashley DeMartini • "She's Such a Slut!": The Sexualized Cyberbullying of Teen Girls and the Education Law Response Gillian Angrove Part IV: eGirls, eCitizens • Digital Literacy and Digital Citizenship: Approaches to Girls' Online Experiences Matthew Johnson • Security and Insecurity Online: Perspectives from Girls and Young Women Sarah Heath • Transformative Works: Young Women's Voices on Fandom and Fair Use Betsy Rosenblatt and Rebecca Tushnet • I Want My Internet! Young Women on the Politics of Usage-Based Billing Leslie Regan Shade Conclusion: Looking Forward Jane Bailey and Valerie Steeves Bibliography Contributors Index eGirls, eCitizens is a landmark work that explores the many forces that shape girls' and young women's experiences of privacy, identity, and equality in our digitally networked society. Drawing on the multi-disciplinary expertise of a remarkable team of leading Canadian and international scholars, as well as Canada's foremost digital literacy organization, MediaSmarts, this collection presents the complex realities of digitized communications for girls and young women as revealed through the findings of The eGirls Project (www.egirlsproject.ca) and other important research initiatives. Aimed at moving dialogues on scholarship and policy around girls and technology away from established binaries of good vs bad, or risk vs opportunity, these seminal contributions explore

Canadians are deeply worried about wait times for health care. Entrepreneurial doctors and private clinics are bringing Charter challenges to existing laws restrictive of a two-tier system. They argue that Canada is an outlier among developed countries in limiting options to jump the queue. This book explores whether a two-tier model is a solution. In Is Two-Tier Health Care the Future?, leading researchers explore the public and private mix in Canada, Australia, Germany, France, and Ireland. They explain the history and complexity of interactions between public and private funding of health care and the many regulations and policies found in different countries used to both inhibit and sometimes to encourage two-tier care, such as tax breaks. This edited collection provides critical evidence on the different approaches to regulating two-tier care across different countries and what could work in Canada. This book is published in English.

This book is addressed to a mixed audience that includes academics, public policymakers, and civil society actors. It could be used in courses related to Public Policy, Government Information, Open Data, and Law and Technology. This forward-looking text examines future directions for open government data This book grounds its discussion of the future of open data in the evolution of the phenomenon. Open data is problematized based upon the changing nature of government data and the shifting role of the private sector. Meaningful reflections on the open data ecosystem in Canada and beyond by leading Canadian open data researchers across disciplines. The future of open data is approached from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Pamela Robinson (Editor) Pamela Robinson (MCIP RPP) est professeure et directrice de l'École de planification urbaine et régionale de l'Université Ryerson (Toronto). Durant sa carrière de planificatrice, elle a mené des recherches et des travaux sur les défis complexes et émergents auxquelles sont confrontées les communautés canadiennes. Ses travaux actuels sont centrés sur la question : « qui planifie la ville intelligente canadienne ? » Pamela écrit pour Spacing.ca à propos de la durabilité, de la technologie et de l'engagement civique dans les villes canadiennes. Elle a été membre du comité consultatif de stratégie numérique du front d'eau à Toronto et un membre fondateur du forum multi-intervenants pour le Partenariat pour un gouvernement ouvert (PGO) du Gouvernement du Canada. Elle est consultante au conseil d'innovation de la Bibliothèque publique de Toronto. Teresa Scassa (Editor) Teresa Scassa est détentrice de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en politiques et droit de l'information à la Faculté de droit de l'Université d'Ottawa. Elle est auteure et co-auteure de plusieurs ouvrages, dont Digital Commerce in Canada (LexisNexis, 2020), Canadian Trademark Law (2e édition, LexisNexis, 2015) et Law Beyond Borders (Irwin Law, 2014). Elle est co-éditrice d'Artificial Intelligence and the Law in Canada (LexisNexis, 2021) et de Law and the Sharing Economy (Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 2018). Elle est membre du Conseil consultatif en matière d'intelligence artificielle du Canada et du partenariat de recherche Geothink. Elle a de nombreuses publications à son actif dans les domaines du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, du droit et de la technologie, et de la protection de la vie privée. Pamela Robinson (Editor) Pamela Robinson (MCIP RPP) is Professor and Director of the School of Urban and Regional Planning at Ryerson University (Toronto, Canada). Throughout her career as a planner, her research and practice have focused on complex, emergent challenges that Canadian communities face. Her current research focuses on the question: who is planning the Canadian smart city? Pamela writes for Spacing.ca about sustainability, technology, and civic engagement in Canadian cities. Robinson was a member of Waterfront Toronto's Digital Strategy Advisory Panel and an inaugural member of the Multi-Stakeholder Forum for the Government of Canada's Open Government Partnership work. She is an Advisor on the Toronto Public Library's Innovation Council. Teresa Scassa (Editor) Teresa Scassa is the Canada Research Chair in Information Law and Policy at the University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law. She is the author or co-author of several books, including Digital Commerce in Canada (LexisNexis, 2020), Canadian Trademark Law (2nd edition, LexisNexis, 2015), and Law Beyond Borders (Irwin Law, 2014). She is co-editor of Artificial Intelligence and the Law in Canada (LexisNexis, 2021) and Law and the Sharing Economy (University of Ottawa Press, 2018). She is a member of the Canadian Advisory Council on Artificial Intelligence and of the Geothink research partnership. She has written widely in the areas of intellectual property law,

This interdisciplinary edited collection brings together scholars, activists, and policy makers to build consensus around what a connected society means for Canada. The collection offers insight on the state of citizenship in a digital context in Canada and proposes a research and policy agenda for the way forward. Part I examines the current landscape of digital civic participation and highlights some of the missing voices required to ensure an inclusive digital society. Part II explores the relationship between citizens and their political and democratic institutions, from government service delivery to academic and citizen engagement in policy making. Part III addresses key legal frameworks that need to be discussed and redesigned to allow for the building and strengthening of an inclusive society and democratic institutions. This is a foundational resource for policy makers, students, and researchers interested in understanding citizenship in a digital context in Canada.

La première moitié du XX Ie siècle sera sans doute reconnue comme l'époque où le piratage éthique a ouvert de force les gouvernements, déplaçant les limites de la transparence. La page twitter de Wikileaks enchâsse cet ethos à même sa devise, « we open governments », et sa volonté d'être omniprésent. En parallèle, les grandes sociétés de technologie comme Apple se font compétition pour produire des produits de plus en plus sécuritaires et à protéger les données de leurs clients, alors même que les gouvernements tentent de limiter et de décrypter ces nouvelles technologies d'encryption. Entre-temps, le marché des vulnérabilités en matière de sécurité augmente à mesure que les experts en sécurité informatique vendent des vulnérabilités de logiciels des grandes technologies, dont Apple et Google, contre des sommes allant de 10 000 à 1,5 million de dollars. L'activisme en sécurité est à la hausse. Le piratage éthique est l'utilisation non-violence d'une technologie quelconque en soutien d'une cause politique ou autre qui est souvent ambigue d'un point de vue juridique et moral. Le hacking éthique peut désigner les actes de vérification de pénétration professionnelle ou d'experts en sécurité informatique, de même que d'autres formes d'actions émergentes, comme l'hacktivisme et la désobéissance civile en ligne. L'hacktivisme est une forme de piratage éthique, mais également une forme de militantisme des droits civils à l'ère numérique. En principe, les adeptes du hacktivisme croient en deux grands principes : le respect des droits de la personne et les libertés fondamentales, y compris la liberté d'expression et à la vie privée, et la responsabilité des gouvernements d'être ouverts, transparents et pleinement redevables au public. En pratique, toutefois, les antécédents comme les agendas des hacktivistes sont fort diversifiés. Il n'est pas clair de quelle façon les tribunaux et les gouvernements traiteront des tentatives de piratage eu égard aux zones grises juridiques, aux approches éthiques conflictuelles, et compte tenu du fait qu'il n'existe actuellement, dans le monde, presque aucune exception aux provisions, en matière de cybercrime et de crime informatique, liées à la recherche sur la sécurité ou l'intérêt public. Il sera également difficile de déterminer le lien entre hacktivisme et droits civils. Ce livre est publié en français.